Foundations in Human Development: A Topical Approach
Third Edition Grayson, Bigner, © 2022, 575 pages
Foundations in Human Development: A Topical Approach is a comprehensive and engaging introduction to life span development. With a unique blend of classical studies and cutting-edge research, the reader is provided a context in which they are able to appreciate the historical foundations of life span development, as well as current themes and findings. The reader is consistently encouraged to apply the text material to their own life, in order to encourage retention and increase interest.
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Description
Foundations in Human Development: A Topical Approach is a comprehensive and engaging introduction to life span development. With a unique blend of classical studies and cutting-edge research, the reader is provided a context in which he or she is able to appreciate the historical foundations of life span development, as well as current themes and findings. The reader is consistently encouraged to apply the text material to his or her own life, in order to encourage retention and increase interest.
New to the Third Edition
The third edition of Foundations in Human Development: A Topical Approach has a great deal of new content, including many new photos, gures, and tables, as well as many new references. Other significant changes in this new edition include:
Chapter 1: The Field of Human Development
• Added a brief discussion of paradigms and why they are important for theories and research
• New examples to replace outdated ones
• Added logic to the section on philosophical issues and influences and explained how it relates to current research on risky behavior in adolescence
• Added social philosophy to the section on philosophical issues and influences and its relation to current research on social cognition (which is defined and explained)
• New information regarding how one’s sense of agency plays a role in the nature and nurture dance
• Discussion of how culture can influence evolution
• Section on culture and individual development
• Introduce the idea of dynamic systems research
Chapter 2: Foundational Theories in Human Development
• Numerous graphics and tables added to simplify and highlight the information
Chapter 3: Genetics and Human Development
• New introduction to three patterns of inheritance: Mendelian inheritance, mitochondrial DNA inheritance, and epigenetic or multifactorial inheritance
• New section on gene mutation, introducing the following mutations: missense, nonsense, insertion, deletion, and duplication
Chapter 4: The Dawn of Development
• Updated discussion of neural tube defects, particularly spina bifida and anencephaly
• New information on cleft lips and cleft palates
• Discussion that newer research is showing that the age of the father can contribute to genetic mutations in the sperm, increasing the risk for some disorders in offspring
• Updated weight gain recommendations during pregnancy
• Introduction to new prenatal diagnostic screenings done early in the pregnancy
• A simplified discussion of the newborn’s reflexes
Chapter 5: Physical Development and Decline
• A brief introduction to the emerging field of developmental cognitive neuroscience
• New information about the five kinds of brain waves and the developmental impact on the brain waves of children raised in orphanages
• Research regarding the aging brain and the quality of sleep
• Updated research on body composition during infancy
• Updated statistics on digestive system disturbances
• Completely updated section on the theories of aging
Chapter 6: Sensory and Motor Skill Development and Decline
• New information on the development of body awareness
• Additional information regarding visual perception milestones the first year
• Updated statistics regarding children needing corrective lenses, by age group
• New information regarding the threats of UV light and screen time to eye health
• Information on how the consumption of DHA may slow the aging of the eye or even prevent some eye Diseases
• Expanded coverage on macular degeneration
• New information regarding touch and pain in late adulthood
• Updated research on the developmental course of reaction time
• New research regarding motor skill development and decline
Chapter 7: Health and Well-Being
• Updated statistics on breastfeeding
• New information on food neophobia and picky eating during childhood
• Updated information on societal and food choice contributions to obesity
• New information on food responsiveness and restrictive eating
• Addition of mindful eating strategies during adolescence
• Included the statistics, causes, symptoms, and treatments for binge eating in the discussion of eating Disorders
• Discussion of acne during adolescence
• Updated statistics on substance use/abuse by adolescents
• New information on the short-term and long-term outcomes associated with the use of marijuana.
• Updated statistics on adolescent and young adult risky behavior
• Updated and expanded information on Alzheimer’s disease
• Discussion of the importance of nature and sunshine for one’s sense of well-being.
• Simplification of how children understand illness
Chapter 8: Foundational Perspectives on Cognitive Development and Decline
• Expanded discussion of Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory
• New section on Ebbinghaus and memory
• New section on Binet and a comparison of Piaget’s ideas with Binet’s ideas
Chapter 9: Current Perspectives on Cognitive Development and Decline
• New information on how mind-wandering increases starting in late-middle adulthood
• Updated research on theory of mind
Chapter 10: Communication Development and Decline
• Expanded discussion of the components of language
• Increased explanation of private speech and inner speech
• New research on off-topic verbosity
• Addition of the construct of story asides, and the types of story asides
• Updated information regarding the use of the CHAT intervention to prevent elderspeak
• New information regarding communication via social media and development, including Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, Pinterest, and Twitter; new concepts such as social surveillance, Facebook intensity, self-concept clarity, Fitspiration have been added
• New section on online communication and ostracism
Chapter 11: Emotional Development and Individual Differences
• Discussion of what emotions we can decipher from body language, including a cross-cultural Comparison
• Explanation of the emotions that we can communicate via vocalizations (looking at both prosody and vocal bursts), and their development
• Addition of the development of emotional understanding
• New information on the how aggression typically peaks between 24 and 42 months, then declines. Reasons why it begins to decline at this age and problems that may occur if it does not
• New discussion on the transition from adolescence to adulthood
• Explanation of protective and risk factors when adjusting to college
• Updated sections on attachment research and temperament research
• New information on personality and transitioning to retirement
Chapter 12: The Family
• Discussion of millennials in terms of their upbringing, leaving the home, and heading their own house
• Properties of love (e.g., stability, conscious controllability, experiential salience, and commonality)
• Expanded section on Sternberg’s theory of love to include all eight of his types of love
• Entire new section on evolutionary and psychological strategies for finding a mate and strategies employed during mate shortages
• Expanded discussion of “sliding into marriage” versus “deciding into marriage” and the statistics and outcomes associated with the cohabitation effect; in this section, there is also a discussion of the types of commitment and the differing outcomes associated with enthusiastic commitment versus moral commitment
• Extended discussion on behaviors that increase marital satisfaction and behaviors that decrease marital satisfaction
• New discussion of Duck’s dissolution model and Lee’s model of relationship dissolution
• Explanation of types of parental goals and their impact on child development
• Addition of stepgrandparent–stepgrandchild relationship to the grandparenthood section
• New subsection on custodial grandfamilies, including statistics, causes, and outcomes
Chapter 13: The Social World
• Addition of the impact of gaming on development
• Discussion of millennials and Generation Z in the workplace
• Updated discussion of peer groups
Chapter 14: The Dusk of Life
• Expanded discussion of how to ease a person’s psychological death
• Expanded discussion and statistics for hospice care
• Discusses the distinction between euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide
• Explains how the American Medical Association is divided on the issue of physician-assisted suicide and updated statistics in both the United States and worldwide
• Addition of research on the occurrence of “nearing death awareness” by the dying
• Discussion of the Four C’s (cause, catch, cure, and care) in helping children cope with death
• Updated information on the physical concerns of the dying, emotional ways to support them, and how best to interact with them
• Addition of research on the “ghost in the womb” and how women who suffer a miscarriage or stillbirth can struggle with future pregnancies and how therapy can help
• Addition of the seven stages of grief model, which is modeled after Kübler-Ross’s DABDA model of dying
• New death rituals that include the use of social media
• Comparison of traditional burials with cremations in terms of environmental impacts, and the growing demand for green burials
New to the Third Edition
The third edition of Foundations in Human Development: A Topical Approach has a great deal of new content, including many new photos, gures, and tables, as well as many new references. Other significant changes in this new edition include:
Chapter 1: The Field of Human Development
• Added a brief discussion of paradigms and why they are important for theories and research
• New examples to replace outdated ones
• Added logic to the section on philosophical issues and influences and explained how it relates to current research on risky behavior in adolescence
• Added social philosophy to the section on philosophical issues and influences and its relation to current research on social cognition (which is defined and explained)
• New information regarding how one’s sense of agency plays a role in the nature and nurture dance
• Discussion of how culture can influence evolution
• Section on culture and individual development
• Introduce the idea of dynamic systems research
Chapter 2: Foundational Theories in Human Development
• Numerous graphics and tables added to simplify and highlight the information
Chapter 3: Genetics and Human Development
• New introduction to three patterns of inheritance: Mendelian inheritance, mitochondrial DNA inheritance, and epigenetic or multifactorial inheritance
• New section on gene mutation, introducing the following mutations: missense, nonsense, insertion, deletion, and duplication
Chapter 4: The Dawn of Development
• Updated discussion of neural tube defects, particularly spina bifida and anencephaly
• New information on cleft lips and cleft palates
• Discussion that newer research is showing that the age of the father can contribute to genetic mutations in the sperm, increasing the risk for some disorders in offspring
• Updated weight gain recommendations during pregnancy
• Introduction to new prenatal diagnostic screenings done early in the pregnancy
• A simplified discussion of the newborn’s reflexes
Chapter 5: Physical Development and Decline
• A brief introduction to the emerging field of developmental cognitive neuroscience
• New information about the five kinds of brain waves and the developmental impact on the brain waves of children raised in orphanages
• Research regarding the aging brain and the quality of sleep
• Updated research on body composition during infancy
• Updated statistics on digestive system disturbances
• Completely updated section on the theories of aging
Chapter 6: Sensory and Motor Skill Development and Decline
• New information on the development of body awareness
• Additional information regarding visual perception milestones the first year
• Updated statistics regarding children needing corrective lenses, by age group
• New information regarding the threats of UV light and screen time to eye health
• Information on how the consumption of DHA may slow the aging of the eye or even prevent some eye Diseases
• Expanded coverage on macular degeneration
• New information regarding touch and pain in late adulthood
• Updated research on the developmental course of reaction time
• New research regarding motor skill development and decline
Chapter 7: Health and Well-Being
• Updated statistics on breastfeeding
• New information on food neophobia and picky eating during childhood
• Updated information on societal and food choice contributions to obesity
• New information on food responsiveness and restrictive eating
• Addition of mindful eating strategies during adolescence
• Included the statistics, causes, symptoms, and treatments for binge eating in the discussion of eating Disorders
• Discussion of acne during adolescence
• Updated statistics on substance use/abuse by adolescents
• New information on the short-term and long-term outcomes associated with the use of marijuana.
• Updated statistics on adolescent and young adult risky behavior
• Updated and expanded information on Alzheimer’s disease
• Discussion of the importance of nature and sunshine for one’s sense of well-being.
• Simplification of how children understand illness
Chapter 8: Foundational Perspectives on Cognitive Development and Decline
• Expanded discussion of Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory
• New section on Ebbinghaus and memory
• New section on Binet and a comparison of Piaget’s ideas with Binet’s ideas
Chapter 9: Current Perspectives on Cognitive Development and Decline
• New information on how mind-wandering increases starting in late-middle adulthood
• Updated research on theory of mind
Chapter 10: Communication Development and Decline
• Expanded discussion of the components of language
• Increased explanation of private speech and inner speech
• New research on off-topic verbosity
• Addition of the construct of story asides, and the types of story asides
• Updated information regarding the use of the CHAT intervention to prevent elderspeak
• New information regarding communication via social media and development, including Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, Pinterest, and Twitter; new concepts such as social surveillance, Facebook intensity, self-concept clarity, Fitspiration have been added
• New section on online communication and ostracism
Chapter 11: Emotional Development and Individual Differences
• Discussion of what emotions we can decipher from body language, including a cross-cultural Comparison
• Explanation of the emotions that we can communicate via vocalizations (looking at both prosody and vocal bursts), and their development
• Addition of the development of emotional understanding
• New information on the how aggression typically peaks between 24 and 42 months, then declines. Reasons why it begins to decline at this age and problems that may occur if it does not
• New discussion on the transition from adolescence to adulthood
• Explanation of protective and risk factors when adjusting to college
• Updated sections on attachment research and temperament research
• New information on personality and transitioning to retirement
Chapter 12: The Family
• Discussion of millennials in terms of their upbringing, leaving the home, and heading their own house
• Properties of love (e.g., stability, conscious controllability, experiential salience, and commonality)
• Expanded section on Sternberg’s theory of love to include all eight of his types of love
• Entire new section on evolutionary and psychological strategies for finding a mate and strategies employed during mate shortages
• Expanded discussion of “sliding into marriage” versus “deciding into marriage” and the statistics and outcomes associated with the cohabitation effect; in this section, there is also a discussion of the types of commitment and the differing outcomes associated with enthusiastic commitment versus moral commitment
• Extended discussion on behaviors that increase marital satisfaction and behaviors that decrease marital satisfaction
• New discussion of Duck’s dissolution model and Lee’s model of relationship dissolution
• Explanation of types of parental goals and their impact on child development
• Addition of stepgrandparent–stepgrandchild relationship to the grandparenthood section
• New subsection on custodial grandfamilies, including statistics, causes, and outcomes
Chapter 13: The Social World
• Addition of the impact of gaming on development
• Discussion of millennials and Generation Z in the workplace
• Updated discussion of peer groups
Chapter 14: The Dusk of Life
• Expanded discussion of how to ease a person’s psychological death
• Expanded discussion and statistics for hospice care
• Discusses the distinction between euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide
• Explains how the American Medical Association is divided on the issue of physician-assisted suicide and updated statistics in both the United States and worldwide
• Addition of research on the occurrence of “nearing death awareness” by the dying
• Discussion of the Four C’s (cause, catch, cure, and care) in helping children cope with death
• Updated information on the physical concerns of the dying, emotional ways to support them, and how best to interact with them
• Addition of research on the “ghost in the womb” and how women who suffer a miscarriage or stillbirth can struggle with future pregnancies and how therapy can help
• Addition of the seven stages of grief model, which is modeled after Kübler-Ross’s DABDA model of dying
• New death rituals that include the use of social media
• Comparison of traditional burials with cremations in terms of environmental impacts, and the growing demand for green burials